Dentist № 4 (39) – 2020, pp. 30-34                                                                                                   SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Pathogens of odontogenic and neodontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region

A.A. Kabanovaa, A.I. Hancharovab, V.K. Okulicha

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
bVitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2020.4(39).6

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the spectrum of causative agents of odontogenic and non-odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region.
Objects and methods. The analysis of the results of bacteriological examination of a purulent focus in 494 patients with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region, who were inpatient treatment in the dental department of the Vitebsk Regional Clinical Hospital, was carried out. From the total number of studied nosologies, inflammatory diseases of odontogenic etiology were distinguished: acute purulent odontogenic periostitis of the jaw, odontogenic abscess of the maxillofacial region, acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw, complicated by phlegmon of adjacent cellular tissue spaces. Furuncles, traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw, sialadenitis were attributed to the pathology of non-odontogenic etiology. Clinical isolates of microorganisms were isolated following the instructions for use No. 075-0210 “Microbiological methods for the study of biological material” approved by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus on March 13, 2010. 430 isolates of microorganisms were isolated.
Results and discussion. When analyzing the spectrum of pathogens of inflammatory diseases, it was revealed that streptococci and staphylococci predominate in the etiological structure. Moreover, the predominance of some over others depends on the specific nosology. So, with the development of traumatic osteomyelitis of the jaw, this ratio was 30% / 56%, which indicates the leading role of staphylococci. With the development of a boil, the main pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus (86%), with the development of sialadenitis – 46% of streptococci and 33% of staphylococci. Odontogenic inflammatory diseases are also associated with associations of staphylococci and streptococci. At the same time, with the development of odontogenic periostitis of the jaw, streptococci prevail over staphylococci (69% and 25%, respectively). In the etiological structure of odontogenic abscesses, 68% of staphylococci and 20% of streptococci were identified; with the development of phlegmon, an almost equal number of streptococci and staphylococci were identified.
Conclusion. Consequently, staphylococci and streptococci, to a lesser extent enterococci, are the main aerobic pathogens of odontogenic and non-odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region.

Keywords: etiology, odontogenic, non-odontogenic, inflammatory process, maxillofacial area

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: arinakabanova@mail.ru