Dentist № 2 (41) – 2021, pp. 41-47                                                                                                                              EXPERIENCE EXCHENGE

Tooth injury

N.V. Novak

MD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2021.2(41).4

ABSTRACT
A tooth injury is a closed mechanical damage of the tooth without disturbing its anatomical integrity.
The aim of the study was to identify complications that arose after a tooth injury.
Objects and methods. A clinical group of patients (46 individuals) with traumatic anterior tooth injuries was isolated. Diagnosis and treatment were carried out on permanent incisors of the upper jaw after injury. In addition to clinical methods, in diagnosis of traumatic tooth injuries, electrometric studies, cold samples, as well as X-ray examination of the tooth were carried out.
Results and discussion. In the first days after the acute injury, patients noted pain at the time of biting and percussion of the tooth in 92.1 ± 2.50% cases. The study of the electric excitability of pulp in case of tooth injury shows a decrease in its electric excitability in the first 7-10 days after an acute injury. So, the indicators of electric wakefulness of intact teeth immediately after the injury were 6.28 ± 1.15 μA. Measurement of similar indicators in 7-10 days after the suffered injury showed decrease in diagnostic values of electro excitability of a pulp up to 3-5 mk characteristic of the uninjured intact teeth of this patient in 91.6 ± 1.50% of cases. In 1.4 ± 0.16% cases, irreversible changes were recorded from the vascular-nerve beam and the EDI value at the same time 28 ± 1.65 – 56 ± 1.29 μA. At the time of visuall evaluating of the color of the injured tooth after injury, it was noted that the tone of the crown part of the tooth changed in 1.5 ± 0.76% teeth. In most cases it was the symptom of inflammation or necrosis of a pulp which were registered in 1.4 ± 0.16% of cases. The presence of cracks after injury was noted in 22.3 ± 1.15% teeth.A study of teeth in a distant period after the injury showed that 24.2 ± 1.27% previously injured teeth showed obliteration of the root canals. Internal and external root resorption were found during X-ray examination in 6.5 ± 0.50% cases. Asymptomatic apical periodontitis revealed in 4.3 ± 0.50%. The response of periodontal tissues in the form of a gum recession was recorded in 2.1 ± 0.41%.
Conclusion. Сonsequently, the results of the studies showed that the closest complications after a tooth injury are: pain; reduction of electric excitability of pulp in the first days after injury; discoloration; necrosis and inflammation of the pulp; cracks of enamel and dentin. In the distant periods after the injury revealed: obliteration of channels; root resorption; apical periodontitis; response of periodontal tissues in the form of marginal gum recession.

Keywords: tooth, injury, complications

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