Dentist № 2 (49) – 2023, pp. 32-37                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

The effect of low doses of ionizing radiation on the microscopic and morphometric characteristics of rat tooth germs at the beginning of dentine formation period

N.N. Cheshko

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.2(49).5

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To reveal microscopic and morphometric changes of rat tooth germs at the beginning of dentine formation period under general exposure of experimental animals to low doses of ionizing radiation.
Objects and methods. The study was carried out on albino rats of mongrel gregarious breeding. Pregnant female rats and their offspring were exposed to chronic irradiation at the Institute of Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus using “Gammarid-192/120 unit” at 110 mR/h power of exposition from the 1st day of pregnancy until the material was taken on the 1st day after birth. The total dose absorbed by 1-day-old rats was 0.52 Gy. Samples for histological, histochemical and morphometric investigations were obtained from all the animals.
Results and discussion. At this stage of odontogenesis, low doses of ionizing radiation reduced the proliferative activity, the number of cell layers and, in the majority of cases, the thickness of tooth germs structures and caused swelling, vacuolation, discomplexation and some delay in the differentiation of tooth germ cells. These changes were interdependent and closely linked with each other.
Conclusion. Under the influence of low doses of ionizing radiation, the delay in the differentiation of tooth germ cells in experimental animals was observed at the early postnatal period as well as in the prenatal stage.

Keywords: odontogenesis, ionizing radiation, low doses, rat

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: cheshko.nelli@mail.ru