Dentist № 4 (51) – 2023, pp. 20-25                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Periodontal organs and tissues variations under the influence of aviation labor factors

A.K.Iordanishvili

MD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Medico-Social Institute, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.4(51).6

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To study the clinical and functional characteristics of the state of the organs and tissues of the masticatory apparatus in aviation patients using modern objective examination methods.
Objects and methods. To assess the physiological characteristics and degree of functional disorders in flight personnel, an in-depth comprehensive examination of the condition of the organs and tissues of the masticatory apparatus was carried out in 73 pilots and 31 representatives of non-flying specialties (control group) aged 25 to 45 years using well-known objective research methods: electroodontometry, rheography, gnathodynamometry, capillaroscopy, esthesiometry, each of which has been used with some success to achieve these goals.
Results and discussion. The study established the patterns of functioning of the organs and tissues of the masticatory apparatus of flight personnel under hypergravity. An increase in the threshold of electrical excitability of dental pulp was revealed; esthesiometry of the oral mucosa; decreased resistance of gum capillaries and peripheral circulation index; severe disorders of hemomicrocirculation of the gums; increased rates of temporomandibular joint dysfunction; increased degree of tooth mobility; severe atrophy or destruction of the periodontium; the presence of pathological periodontal-muscular and periodontal-muscular reflexes.
Conclusion. The results of a clinical and functional study using a set of objective methods showed an unfavorable factor in aviation flight among flight personnel. At the same time, functional disorders in the dentofacial system were revealed, which indicated the presence of pathological periodontal-muscular and periodontal-muscular reflexes, as well as the progression of inflammatory-destructive or dystrophic processes in periodontal tissues.

Keywords: Keywords: flight personnel, pilot, chewing apparatus, periodontium, pulp, factors of aviation labor, hypergravity, acceleration, functional changes of the chewing apparatus

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: professoraki@mail.ru