Dentist № 1 (52) – 2024, pp. 40-46                                                                                                                        SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Role of protein factors of non-specific resistance of oral fluid in the development of inflammation in the gum in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

V.S. Nikitina, V.P. Novikovab, O.P. Gurinaс, A.E. Blinovd

aFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
bMD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
cMD, PhD, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
dFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2024.1(52).5

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. Identification of mechanisms and risk factors of inflammation in the gums of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Objects and methods. The study included 61 patients aged 14 to 17 years of both sexes undergoing inpatient treatment for T1DM. A dental examination was carried out, including a survey, examination and index assessment of the condition of the oral tissues. The concentrations of immunochemical parameters were determined using the enzyme immunoassay method. Statistical data processing was carried out using JAMOVI 2.3.13 software.
Results and discussion. The average age of patients in the group was 15.5 ± 1.26 years. T1DM compensation was assessed based on Hb1Ac levels. Values > 7 % were regarded as decompensated and were observed in 85 % of patients. The preclinical stage of diabetic polyneuropathy (DP) was observed in 28 % of patients. The clinical stage of DP was observed in 21 % of those examined. Diabetic microalbuminuria was detected in 8 % of patients, diabetic chayropathy – in 3 % of patients. Good and satisfactory IH was observed in 56 % of those examined, unsatisfactory and poor IH – in 44 %. PMA index values up to 30 % were observed in 57 % of patients, 30-60 – in 38 %, PMA index values > 60 % – in 5 % of patients. PI index values up to 1.0 were observed in 67 %, >1.0 points – in 33 %. The results of the study suggested the importance of AMPs already at the initial stages of the development of inflammatory processes in patients with T1DM. To determine the significance of the influence of the diabetes compensation factor, represented by the HbA1c concentration, a hierarchical regression analysis was carried out with the construction of mathematical models.
Conclusion. An increase of HbA1c values entails an aggravation of gum inflammation and a decrease of the concentration of protective factors, which can also lead to an aggravation of inflammation.

Keywords: oral fluid, type 1 diabetes mellitus

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