Dentist № 1 (44) – 2022, pp. 8-15                                                                                           SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Modulation of cytokine secretion by leukocytes under the influence of components of dental materials

I.Yu. Karpuk

MD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2022.1(44).1

ABSTRACT
In recent decades, in parallel with the growth of immunopathological diseases, there has been a significant increase in the number of adverse reactions to dental materials around the world. Therefore, it is relevant to study the modulation of cytokine secretion by leukocytes under the influence of components of dental materials in various pathogenetic variants of negative intolerance to dental materials (IDM).
The aim of the study. Study of the influence of solutions of metal ions from dental alloys and solutions of their salts on the modulation of cytokine secretion by leukocytes.
Objects and methods. 22 patients with complaints on IDM were examined. The control group consisted of 19 patients without complaints on IDM. A solution of metal cations (SMC) was obtained by extracting metal cations into deionized water from dental alloys. Metal cation levels were determined after 2, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days of incubation of
dental alloys in water by atomic emission spectroscopy with induction-bound plasma (atomic emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, Varian 720, USA). The effect on leukocytes of 0.001% solution of metal salts SMS in the form of their mixture in equal proportions NiCl2, CrCl3, CоCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2 in concentration.
Results and discussion. SMC altered the metabolic and killing activity of neutrophils in blood of patients with IDM, which may be a marker of intolerance to prosthetic materials. IDM and SMC increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, FNOα, INFγ leukocytes of whole blood of patients with IDM, which indicates induction in the experimental group of hypersensitivity to the components of dental alloys, and in the control group only IL-2, IL-10 were stimulated, which indicates an immunomodulatory effect and the possibility of developing local immunodeficiency. A certain similarity of induction of cytokine emission under the influence of SMC and SMS has been established, which makes it possible to scientifically substantiate the use of SMS for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to dental alloys, since the production and standardization of SMC is a long and time-consuming process.
Conclusion. The secretion of cytokines by leukocytes of the blood of patients under the influence of components of dental alloys can serve as a marker of their biocompatibility and a criterion for hypersensitivity reactions.

Keywords: cytokines, leukocytes, intolerance to dental materials

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: ikarpuk@mail.ru