Dentist № 1 (44) – 2022, pp. 26-31                                                                                           SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

ICAM-1 level in the oral fluid of patients with oral candidiasis after coronavirus infection

A.A. Pozharitskayaa, I.Yu. Karpukb, Yu.L. Denisovac

aVitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
bMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
cMD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2022.1(44).2

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to assess level of ICAM-1 in saliva of the patients after coronavirus infection and to rate the ability of Candida spp. to form biofilms in oral candidiasis.
Objects and methods. The study group included 67 patients aged 21 to 75 years with the diagnosis of оral candidiasis, including 31 patients after coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 23 people without candidal infection. The patients underwent a microbiological study to determine the number of fungal colonies and ELISA to assess the level of ICAM-1 in the saliva.
Results and discussion. As a result of assessing the mucosal immune status of patients with oral candidiasis by ELISA to determine the level of ICAM-1 in saliva, there was an increase in the protein concentration in the group with oral candidiasis (8.51 ± 0,5 ng / ml) in comparison wiht control group (4,51 ± 0,32 ng / ml, p < 0,001). However, in the group of persons with oral candidiasis after coronavirus infection, there was a significant decrease of the ICAM-1 level to 1,9 ± 0,76 ng / ml (p < 0,001). Spearman’s statistically significant direct correlation was found between the level of ICAM-1 in the saliva of patients after coronavirus infection and the follow-up period after the disease (RSpearman = 0,55, p < 0,01), as well as a strong inverse correlation with the duration of COVID-19 (RSpearman = -0,86, p < 0,01). The relationship between oral candidiasis and antibiotic therapy in treatment of COVID-19 was detected only in 25,8% (n = 8; χ2 = 15,7; p < 0,001), which indicates an increase in the invasiveness of candidal infection in the oral cavity against the background of a decrease in local immunity after SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion. A significant decrease in the level of ICAM-1 in the oral fluid after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection shows the negative effect of the virus on the state of local immunity.

Keywords: оral candidiasis, CОVID-19, ICAM-1, saliva

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: denisova_yul@mail.ru