Dentist № 2 (49) – 2023, pp. 8-15                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Prevalence and features of various smoking options among patients with leukoplakia of the oral mucosa

N.A. Karpuka, S.P. Rubnikovichb

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
bMD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus/span>

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.2(49).3

ABSTRACT
Smoking is one of the most common causes of diseases of the oral mucosa (OM), and also increases the risk of developing leukoplakia.
The aim of the study. To study the prevalence and characteristics of various smoking patterns among patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia (LOM).
Objects and methods. During the period from 2013 to 2020, 407 patients with leukoplakia OM (LOM) were
examined, including 229 (56.3 %) men and 178 (43.7 %) women.
Results and discussion. Of the 407 examined patients with LOM, 161 (39.6 %) smoked tobacco daily. The smoking experience of more than 20 years was in the largest number of patients – 63 (39.1 %). 55 (34.0 %) of the surveyed patients smoked from 11 to 20 years, 32 (19.8 %) patients aged 6 to 10 years, 11 (7.1 %) patients aged 5 years or less. At the time of the survey, the majority (p<0.05) – 103 (64 %) patients smoked more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day, 47 (29.2 %) patients –10-20 cigarettes, 11 (6.8 %) patients – 5-9 cigarettes per day.
Conclusion. Among the examined patients with LOM, 28 (21.4 %) of those who had never smoked (n=124) and 14 (11.5 %) of those who quit smoking (n=122) were exposed to passive smoking. A survey assessing the degree of motivation to quit smoking showed that 80 (49.9 %) of the patients who smoke tobacco daily (n=161) had a high motivation to quit smoking. 59 (36.5 %) patients had weak motivation, 22 (13.6 %) had no motivation. Talking to patients about the dangers of smoking increases the motivation to quit smoking (p<0.05): 127 (79.1 %) tobaccosmoking patients had high motivation to quit smoking, 23 (14.3 %) patients had weak motivation and 11 (6.6 %) patients had no motivation. Of the patients who quit smoking tobacco at the time of the examination, complete regression of LOM was observed only in 24 (19.7 %) patients, 10 of whom quit smoking more than 10 years ago, and 14 – up to 5 years. Partial regression was observed in 84 (68.8 %) patients, 69 of whom quit smoking up to 1 year ago, and 15 – up to 5 years. No regression of LOM was observed in 14 (11.5 %) patients who quit smoking up to 1 year ago. Among patients with LOM who have given up smoking tobacco (n=122), 43 (35 %) “switched” to electronic cigarettes. However, complete regression of LOM in such patients was not observed, partial regression was noted in 13 (30.2 %) patients, absence of regression of LOM in 20 (46.5 %) patients, and in 10 (23.3 %) patients, pathological symptoms of LOM worsened: all of them had an increased area of LOM, 7 (16.3 %) of them developed verrucose LOM.

Keywords: smoking, precancerous lesions, oral mucosa, leukoplakia

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: ms.karpuk@mail.ru