Dentist № 2 (57) – 2025, pp. 52-55                                                                                                                        EXPERIENCE EXCHENGE

Analysis of risk factors for congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region

A.A. Kabanovaa, V.D. Romanukb, , S.A. Kabanovab

aMD, PhD, DMSci, Associate professor, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
bVitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
сMD, PhD, Associate professor, Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To analyze potential risk factors for congenital malformations (CM) of the maxillofacial region in the Vitebsk region.
Objects and methods. A retrospective study of 245 notifications of congenital anomalies in children (fetuses) was conducted at the Medical Genetic Counseling Unit of the “Vitebsk Regional Diagnostic Center” healthcare institution during the period 2007–2024. Statistical analysis of the data on detected cases of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region was performed.
Results and discussion. The average frequency of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the Vitebsk region was 0,032 ± 0,01  %, with the highest rates observed in the Miory District (0,056  %) and the lowest in the Sharkovshchina District (0,007 %). In 74,6 % of cases, CM of the maxillofacial region resulted in live births, 23 % of pregnancies were artificially terminated, and 2,3 % ended in stillbirth. Identified risk factors included maternal infectious diseases during pregnancy (28,5 %), occupational hazards (6,6 % of mothers, 1,95 % of fathers), smoking (10,2 %), and obstetric history–specifically, previous pregnancies and abortions. CM were more frequently diagnosed during the first and second pregnancies. In 14 % of cases, maxillofacial CM were detected before 13 weeks of pregnancy, and in 8,2 % – after 21 weeks. The primary diagnostic method remained ultrasound examination.
Conclusion.  The frequency of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region in the Vitebsk region remains stable, and their development is associated with multifactorial causes. The findings highlight the need to strengthen preventive measures, improve the quality of prenatal screening, and enhance early diagnosis for timely detection of congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region.

Keywords: congenital malformations, risk factors, maxillofacial region

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail:arinakabanova@mail.ru