Dentist № 3 (50) – 2023, pp. 40-44                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Prediction and treatment of periodontitis based on monitoring of stem cells in the peripheral blood of patients

A.K. Iordanishvili

MD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Medico-Social Institute, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.3(50).8

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To study the possibility of stem cells application in clinical periodontology to estimate the effectiveness of treatment and prognosis of chronic generalized periodontitis course.
Objects and methods. A single-center prospective clinical and laboratory study was conducted in which 35 patients aged 51 to 65 years with chronic generalized periodontitis or reduced periodontium took part. Patients with periodontitis were treated with the generally accepted complex treatment and at the same time the dynamics of stem cells number in peripheral blood was studied. The dynamics of stem cells number in peripheral blood was estimated according to the flow cytometry data, which was performed on the flow cytometer FACScan of “Becton Dickinson” company using a triple combination of direct monoclonal antibodies CD34FITC/CD38 PE/CD45 PerCP.
Results and discussion. It has been established that in chronic generalized periodontitis the content of “CD34+CD38-” stem cells in peripheral blood significantly decreases in comparison with patients who previously suffered from chronic generalized periodontitis, but the field of complex treatment in whom clinical manifestations of gingivitis and periodontitis are absent, and the state of periodontal tissues is characterized as reduced periodontitis. It is shown that the dynamics of stem cells in peripheral blood in the process of successful complex treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis has regularities and agreed with the clinical picture of the course of the disease. Stem cells in the course of effective therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis in the postoperative period provide compensatory-adaptive reaction of the human organism, aimed at stopping the inflammatory process and regeneration of bone tissue in the lesion focus. Such a reaction of stem cells at the appearance of complications of surgical treatment of periodontitis was not revealed.
Conclusion. Determination of the content and monitoring of stem cells in peripheral blood of patients suffering from chronic generalized periodontitis is a serious prognostic sign of the clinical course of this disease.

Keywords: periodontology, periodontitis, gingivitis, stem cells, complex treatment of periodontitis, reduced periodontium, periimplantitis, assessment of treatment efficacy, therapy prognosis

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: professoraki@mail.ru