Dentist № 4 (47) – 2022, pp. 20-25                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Prevalence of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia of the oral mucosa

N.A. Karpuka, S.P. Rubnikovichb, M.N. Medvedeva

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
bMD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2022.4(47).2

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To study the frequency and severity of dysplastic changes of the epithelium in leukoplakia of the oral mucosa (ОМ).
Objects and methods. The results of studying the biopsy material of 407 patients with leukoplakia of ОМ (LОМ) are presented.
Results and discussion. Various types of histological structure of the oral mucosa have been established in patients with leukoplakia of LОМ. In the examined group of patients (n = 407), homogeneous LОМ (flat form) was most common (p < 0.05) in 308 (75.7 %) cases, and inhomogeneous LОМ in 99 (24.3 %) (verrucose LОМ – in 77 (18.9 %) erosive-ulcerative – in 22 (5.4 %) cases). It was shown that dysplastic epithelial changes in LОМ were more often detected in age groups of patients older than 45 years. Grade 1 dysplasia was most common in the age groups “45–54” and “55–64” years; grade 2 and 3 dysplasia – in the age group “55–64” years (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. In all forms of LSD (n = 407), epithelial dysplasia was detected: grade 1 – in 58 (14.3 %) patients, grade 2 – in 22 (5.4 %), grade 3 – in 6 (1.5 %). Dysplasia of 2 and 3 degrees prevailed in inhomogeneous LОМ (p < 0.05).

Keywords: oral mucosa, biopsy, leukoplakia, dysplasia

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: ms.karpuk@mail.ru