Dentist № 4 (55) – 2024, pp. 34-39                                                                                                                        REVIEWS, EDUCATIONAL ARTICLES

The effectiveness of surgical methods of alveolar ridge augmentation as a stage of complex treatment of patients with edentia using dental implantation methods

S.P. Rubnikovicha, I.S. Khomichb, A.S. Grishchenkovb, A.S. Khomichc

aMD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
bMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
cBelarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

ABSTRACT
Advances in biomaterial research and the development of new and improved surgical techniques and instruments have led to the increasing use of dental implants to replace missing teeth. The long-term success of dental implants largely depends on the degree of osseointegration in sufficient and healthy bone.
The aim of the study. To systematize the indications, timing, methods, advantages and disadvantages, and features of various surgical methods of alveolar ridge augmentation, including vertical and horizontal augmentation, ridge reduction with soft tissue augmentation, and narrow ridge splitting.
Objects and methods. The advantages, disadvantages, and clinical effectiveness of the above methods are described and systematized based on the analysis of modern scientific literature and the results of our own scientific research and clinical observations.
Results and discussion. The article describes the most effective methods of alveolar ridge augmentation, which allow increasing the effectiveness of the complex treatment, improving the aesthetic result of prosthetics based on dental implants. The indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of the methods are systematized taking into account the assessment of clinical effectiveness.
Conclusion.  The study showed that all three approaches — vertical and horizontal augmentation, ridge reduction with soft tissue augmentation, and narrow ridge splitting — can be successfully used to prepare the alveolar ridge before dental implantation. The choice of technique depends on the degree of ridge atrophy and aesthetic requirements, as well as the experience of the surgeon and available materials. Effective use of alveolar ridge augmentation methods requires an individual approach and careful planning. A combination of different surgical techniques can minimize risks and improve implantation results.

Keywords: augmentation, alveolar ridge, ridge reduction, dental implantation, bone grafting, clinical efficacy

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