Dentist № 4 (39) – 2020, pp. 48-53                                                                                                   SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Method of incisional biopsy in diagnostic of diseases of oral mucosa

A.S. Rutkouskayaa, I.I. Lenkovaa, L.L. Aleksandrovaa, L.A. Kazekoa, T.A. Bicha

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2020.4(39).1

ABSTRACT
Morphological examination is the most important method for the final diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the lesion in oral mucosa.
The aim of the study was to develop an optimal method of incisional biopsy of the oral mucosa and prevent artifactual changes and spatial deformation of histological material.
Objects and methods. To approve the modified method of incisional biopsy and to verify the clinical diagnosis in 27 patients with various oral mucosa lesions a biopsy was taken. All biopsies were performed in the surgical dental office of the State Institution of the Republic of Belarus. Dental examination of the patient was carried out in accordance with the WHO recommendations (2013) with a detailed assessment of the state of the mucous membrane, identification of risk factors, foci of odontogenic infection and somatic diseases. The preliminary clinical diagnosis was made according to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10, 1997). The incisional biopsy method contains clinical and morphological parts. The clinical part includes: infiltrative anesthesia; excision and retention of the biopsy specimen in a straightened position with subsequent immersion in a container with 10% neutral buffered formalin; suturing and postoperative management. The morphological part includes: processing of biopsy material with the manufacture of histological preparations; their morphological assessment and conclusion.
Results and discussion. The result of using the proposed method was the establishment of an objective morphological diagnosis in 92.6% of cases. Artifical changes in the biopsy material, such as displacement of the incisional area of the oral mucosa and mechanical damage to the biopsy, were noted in 7.4% of cases.
Conclusion. The proposed method of incisional biopsy of the oral mucosa allows: to obtain informative histological material for the subsequent assessment of the pathological signs of mucosal lesions; prevent artifactual changes in histological material; make a final morphological diagnosis; to carry out differential diagnosis of pathological conditions, accompanied by the presence of lesions on the oral mucosa.

Keywords: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, dental intraoral devices

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