Dentist № 1 (48) – 2023, pp. 50-58                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Immunohistochemical features of Ki-67, PCNA and p53 expression in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of oral mucosa

N.A. Karpuka, S.P. Rubnikovichb, M.N. Medvedeva, V.A. Klopovaa

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Vitebsk State Medical University, Vitebsk, Belarus
b MD, PhD, DMSci, Professor, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.1(48).11

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study. To study the features of the processes of proliferation and apoptosis in terms of the expression of proteins Ki-67, PCNA and p53 at various degrees of epithelial dysplasia in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.
Objects and methods. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of proteins Ki-67, PCNA and p53 in leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa (OМ) was carried out.
Results and discussion. With an increase in the degree of dysplastic changes in LOМ, an increase in the number of cells with impaired apoptosis is observed, reaching a maximum in grade III dysplasia; the most pronounced expression of p53 was in squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.05). In the unchanged epithelium of OМ, Ki-67 expression was detected only in the basal layer, while in dysplasia it was detected in the parabasal and spiny layers, and in squamous cell carcinoma – in all areas of the tumor. In LOМ with grade III dysplasia, immunopositive cell nuclei were detected in all layers of the epithelial layer. As the degree of dysplasia increased, the Ki-67 proliferation index increased in the parabasal and overlying layers and decreased in the basal layer. Data on the distribution of Ki-67 and PCNA-immunoreactive cells showed an increase in mitotic activity from the basal to the overlying layers of the epithelium as the severity of dysplastic changes increases.
Conclusion. Mitotic activity (according to Ki-67 and PCNA expression data) in squamous cell carcinoma is higher than in grade III dysplasia (p < 0.05), which makes it possible to use these markers, as well as p53, in the complex differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and LOМ with grade III dysplasia.

Keywords: immunohistochemistry, leukoplakia, mucosal cancer, Ki-67, PCNA, p53 expression

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Correspondence to:  Е-mail: ms.karpuk@mail.ru