Dentist № 3 (50) – 2023, pp. 28-33                                                                                                             SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION

Clinical forms of lichen planus of the oral cavity

O.G. Zinovenkoa, I.L. Bobkovаa, O.E. Lobodab, I.V. Kravchuka

aMD, PhD, Associate Professor, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
bDental center “Irpol”, Minsk, Belarus

https://doi.org/10.32993/dentist.2023.3(50).1

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study is to study the clinical manifestations of lichen planus in the oral cavity to improve the effectiveness of the diagnosis of this pathology.
Objects and methods. 137 people with manifestations of lichen planus in the oral cavity applied to the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry for advice. The consultation was conducted by associate professors of the department together with dental therapists, trainees of advanced training courses. A thorough collection of somatic, allergology anamnesis was carried out. Revealed bad habits. It was mandatory to conduct an oncological examination, filling out an appropriate questionnaire about risk factors in terms of oncological alertness. A preliminary diagnosis excluding oncological or contagious diseases served as the basis for involving a dermatovenerologist, a general practitioner, and an oncologist in the diagnostic process.
Results and discussion. study of the distribution of patients with manifestations of lichen planus in the oral cavity was conducted by age and gender. The somatic status was determined and the complaints of these patients were studied in detail. Clinical forms of lichen planus in the oral cavity were revealed depending on the age and gender of the examined patients. The duration of the development of clinical forms of lichen planus in the oral cavity was studied. A detailed study of the clinical manifestations of lichen planus characteristic of the typical, exudative-hyperemic, erosive-ulcerative, hyperkeratotic, bullous form was carried out.
Conclusion. In the course of the study, it was found that among patients with manifestations of lichen planus in the oral cavity, the majority are women (78.8 %) aged 55 years and older. Patients with this pathology have, as a rule, two or more somatic diseases in the anamnesis and, as a result, constant medication (94.2 %). The majority of patients had manifestations of this disease only on the oral mucosa (78.8 %). During our study, the following clinical forms of lichen planus were identified: typical (40.1%), exudative-hyperemic (26.3%), erosive-ulcerative (20.4%), bullous (2.2%) and hyperkeratotic (10.9%). Despite the variety of clinical forms, the possibility of their combination and transformation, the presence of papules on the oral mucosa of the patient, which can be grouped in the form of lines, circles and networks, is the main diagnostic sign of this disease.

Keywords: lichen planus; typical, exudative-hyperemic, erosive-ulcerative, hyperkeratotic, bullous clinical forms

References 

  1. Bork K., Burgdorf V., Hoede N. Bolezni slizistoy obolochki polosti rta i gub. Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie: atlas i rukovodstvo [Diseases of oral mucosa and lips. Clinics, diagnosis and treatment. Atlas and guidelines]. Moscow: Medicinskaya Literatura, 2011. 448 p.
  2. Borovskiy E.V., Mashkilleyson A.L. [et al] Zabolevaniya slizistoy obolochki polosti rta i gub [Diseases of oral mucosa and lips]. Moscow: MEDpress, 2001. 320 p.
  3. Gerasimova L.P., Chemikosova T.S., Vildanov M.N., Kabirova M.F., Golub A.A. Osobennosti diagnostiki keratozov slizistoy obolochki rta v poliklinicheskikh usloviyakh [Diagnostic features of keratosis of mouth mucos membrane in polyclinic conditions]. Prakticheskaya meditsina. – Practical medicine. 2013, no. 4, pp. 34–39.
  4. Dedova L.N., Shebeko L.V., Urbanovich V.I., Belyasova L.V. Porazheniya slizistoy obolochki rotovoy polosti belogo tsveta (leykoplakiya, ploskiy lishay) [White oral mucosal lesions (leukoplakia, lichen direct)]. Minsk: BSMU, 2010. 43 p.
  5. Zinovenko O., Lutskaya I., Beloivanenko I., Bobkova I. Klinicheskie proyavleniya ploskogo lishaya v rotovoy polosti [Clinical Manifestations of Lichen Planus in the Oral Cavity]. Stomatologiya. Estetika. Innovatsii. – Dentistry. Aesthetics. Innovations]. 2023, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 65–73.
  6. Zinovenko O., Tyashkevich L., Rubtsova D., Tuzlukova E., Bannikova E., Seregina E. Patsienty s proyavleniyami ploskogo lishaya v rotovoy polosti na stomatologicheskom prieme: statisticheskiy i klinicheskiy analiz [Patients With Manifestations of Lichen Planus in the Oral Cavity at a Dental Appointment: Statistical and Clinical Analysis]. Sovremennaya stomatologiya. – Modern dentistry. 2022, no. 4, pp. 47–53.
  7. Lutskaya I., Zinovenko O., Charnashtan I. Differentsial’naya diagnostika zabolevaniy slizistoy obolochki polosti rta [Differential Diagnosis of Diseases of the Mucosa of the Oral Cavity]. Sovremennaya stomatologiya. – Modern dentistry. 2018, no. 3, pp. 24–29.
  8. Orekhova L.Yu., Osipova M.V., Ladyko А.А. Model’ razvitiya, profilaktiki i lecheniya krasnogo ploskogo lishaya slizistoy obolochki polosti rta. Chast’ II [Model of Development, Prevention and Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus. Part II]. Parodontologiya. – Periodontology. 2019, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 57–62.
  9. Oskolsky G.I., Zagorodnyaya E.B., Lushnikova E.L., Nepomnyashchikh L.M., Zagorodny A.S., Shcheglov A.V. Morfologicheskiy analiz krasnogo ploskogo lishaya slizistoy obolochki polosti rta [Morphological Analysis of Oral Lichen Planus]. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya. – Fundamental research. 2011, no. 11-1, pp. 82–85.
  10. Rabinovich O.F., Ivina A.A., Guseva A.V., Babichenko I.I. Immunomorfologiya ploskogo lishaya slizistoy obolochki rta [Immunomorphology of oral lichen planus]. Stomatologiya, 2016, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 4–7.
  11. Rutkouskaya A.S., Aleksandrova L.L., Kazeko L.A. Diagnostika ploskogo lishaya slizistoy obolochki polosti rta [Diagnostics of Oral Lichen Planus]. Sovremennaya stomatologiya. – Modern dentistry. 2017, no. 2, pp. 2–8.
  12. Silin D.S., Konoplya A.I., Pismennaya E.V. K voprosu sostoyaniya slizistoy obolochki polosti rta u bol’nykh krasnym ploskim lishaem [Condition of Oral Mucosa in Patients With Lichen Ruber Planus]. Kurskiy nauchno-prakticheskiy vestnik «Chelovek i ego zdorov’e». – Kursk Scientific and Practical Bulletin. Man and His Health. 2010, no. 3, pp. 129–133.
  13. Tarasenko S.V., Shatokhin A.I., Umbetova K.T., Stepanov M.A. T-kletochnoe zveno immuniteta v patogeneze ploskogo lishaya slizistoy obolochki rta [T-Cells Immunity in Oral Lichen Planus Pathogenesis]. Stomatologiya, 2014, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 60–63.
  14. Chuykin S.V., Akmalova G.M. Krasnyy krasnyy ploskiy lishay slizistoy obolochki rta: klinicheskie formy i lechenie [Oral Mucosa Lichen Planus: Clinical Forms, Treatment]. Kazanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. – Kazan Medical Journal. 2014, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 680–687.

Correspondence to:  Е-mail: olia.zinovenko@yandex.by