Stomatologist № 4 (35) – 2019, pp. 20-25                                                                                                Scientific publications

Dental pathology as a polymorbidity cluster, caused by disturbance
of iron metabolism in patients with β-thalassemia

R.V. Shadlinskaya

MD, PhD, Associate professor, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan

https://doi.org/10.32993/stomatologist.2019.4(35).1

ABSTRACT
The aim of study. This study aimed to determine the dental status during disturbance of iron metabolism in patients with β-thalassemia.
Objects and methods. İron metabolism indicators and dental status were investigated in 58 patients with
homozygous and 17 patients with heterozygous β-thalassemia. The control group consisted of 16 people, without any hereditary and somatic pathology. Excessive amount of iron in the form of ferritin, high level of hepcidin and low level of total iron binding capacity (p < 0.001) were found in homozygous patients. All examined patients with a homozygous β-thalassemia form had progressive dental lesions: chronic and acute stages of periodontal diseases, multiple caries and its complications, characteristic dental-maxillary anomalies (Angle class 2 malocclusions).
Results and discussion. In patients with homozygous β-thalassemia, the accumulation of iron compounds in the form of ferritin increased, and iron binding capacity decreased. The accumulation of excess iron was accompanied by an increasing of hepcidin level in the blood, which was a protective reaction, allowing to reduce the presence of microbes in the focus of inflammation.
Conclusions.. Dental pathology is an equal cluster of polymorbidity, caused by impaired iron metabolism in the homozygous form of β-thalassemia. The dental care is the most important aspect of monitoring of patients with β-thalassemia.

Keywords: dental morbidity, thalassemia, comorbidity, iron metabolism, periodontal disease

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Correspondence to:  E-mail: r.shadlinskaya@yahoo.com